Mentally challenged and Autistic children

Asperger Syndrome is a complex developmental disability marked by impairments in socialization, communication, cognition, and sensation. Like classic autism, Asperger Syndrome is a neurological disorder that affects a person’s ability to communicate and relate to others. It is a lifelong disorder that carries with it considerable and long-term behavior problems. Although the characteristics of Asperger Syndrome will differ from person to person, common effects of the disorder include:

-Trouble understanding social cues and conversational language styles

-An inflexible adherence to a nonfunctional routine or ritual

-Repetition of movements or words and phrases

-Difficulties with fine-motor skills and sensory integration

A persistent preoccupation with objects or narrowly focused topics of interest Asperger Syndrome may be diagnosed when a person exhibits atypical repetitive patterns of behavior, interest, and activities, such as the examples listed above. All people possess some of these traits, but it is the excessive presence of these characteristics that makes life challenging for individuals with Asperger Syndrome. It is also important to note that these behaviors are neurologically based and do not represent the individual’s willful disobedience or noncompliance. Because Asperger Syndrome is a neurological disorder, individuals with the disorder often have difficulty controlling certain behaviors. It is important to understand the underlying psychological and medical bases of the disorder to develop an effective teaching strategy, as well as to help the individual better manage these behaviors.

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Diet as a treatment for ASD (Autistic Spectrum Disorders)

Although ‘diets’ are a popular treatment for ASD, particularly advocated by alternative nutritional practitioners, there is a lack of consistent and good quality scientific evidence. Therefore, no particular diets are recommended across the board for the treatment of ASD. A minority of individuals with ASD do seem to find that their specific behavior or bowel problems improve with some dietary changes, but there are no blood or other clinical tests that can reliably indicate which dietary changes could be helpful to individuals. The following is a brief overview of six of the most common dietary ‘treatments’.

Exclusion diets or food avoidance

1. Gluten-free and casein-free (GFCF) diet

Involves:

Avoiding gluten – a protein contained in wheat, barley and rye, and a similar protein in oats. Bread, pizza, pasta, pastry, biscuits, some breakfast cereals, and some processed foods contain gluten. Plus avoiding casein-a protein in cow’s milk and similar proteins in goat’s and sheep’s milk. Yogurt, cheese, butter, some margarines, ice-cream, milk chocolate, biscuits, and some processed products contain casein.

The theory:

People with ASD have a gut which is abnormally ‘leaky’, creating an intolerance to these proteins which affects mental function, and influences behaviour.

The evidence:

Well-respected independent reviews of the evidence have found the evidence inconclusive. There is evidence that supports and refutes the use of this diet.

2. Exclusion of food additives

Involves: Avoiding a wide range of food additives, which commonly include colourings (E100-E199), the flavour enhancer monosodium glutamate (MSG, E621), the sweetener aspartame (E951), flavourings (not given E-numbers), benzoate preservatives (E210-219) and caffeine.

The theory: That people with ASD are intolerant to these additives, which affects their behaviour.

The evidence: There is no evidence that people with ASD should avoid food additives. All food additives are regulated by the government for safe use in the UK, but some people show intolerance to individual or groups of food additives numbers.

3. Exclusion of phenolic compounds and foods high in salicylates

Involves: Exclusion of a wide range of foods including cheese, chocolate, tomatoes, oranges, bananas, yeast extract, some food colourings and many other fruits and vegetables.

The theory: That some individuals lack the enzymes needed to break down compounds in these foods, affecting symptoms of ASD.

The evidence: There is no evidence to suggest that avoiding these foods is beneficial.

4. Yeast-free diet

Involves: There is no standard ‘yeast free’ diet, but it often excludes natural and refined sugars (including fruit), fermented foods such as breads, vinegar, alcohol, cheese, soy sauce, coffee and processed meats.

The theory: Eating less yeast and sugar reduces the growth of yeasts in the gut, which in theory make the gut more leaky and make an individual suffer from intolerances.

The evidence: Yeast overgrowth in the gut is usually treated by prescribed medications, and there is no evidence that eating less sugar and dietary yeasts (which are not the same as gut yeasts) helps.

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